This error appears if you forget the beans.xml file or, as in my case, you put it in the wrong place. Your beans.xml can only have a root element, but must exist.
For the Maven project, remember that:
context.xml shoud stay in src/main/webapp/META-INF/beans.xml should remain in src/main/resources/META-INF/
I had this problem when I moved an application developed using Glassfish (which does not need these files) for Tomcat 7.
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