Good answers above.
Just a quick update with the Cloudera + Hortonworks merger last year. These companies decided to standardize Ranger. CDH5 and CDH6 will continue to use Sentry until the CDH product line stops working after ~ 2-3 years. Ranger will be used for the Cloudera + Hortonworks "Unity" / CDP combined platform.
Cloudera told us that Ranger is a more mature product. Since Unity has not yet come out (as of May 2019), something may appear in the future, but this is the current direction. (October 2019 update: Unity is now known as CDP and is available for beta testing; will be available soon for cloud deployments, and in 2020 for on-premises clients)
If you are a former Cloudera client or CDH user, you still have to use Apache Sentry. There is significant overlap between Sentry and Ranger, but if you start from scratch, be sure to look at Ranger.
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