Select only fds checks up to 255 to FD_SETSIZE

Question

select on fds above 255, do not check if fd is open. Here is my sample code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>

int main()
{
    fd_set set;
    for(int i = 5;i<FD_SETSIZE;i++)
    {
        printf("--> i is %d\n", i);
        FD_ZERO(&set);
        FD_SET(i, &set);
        close(i);

        int retval = select(FD_SETSIZE, &set, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if(-1 == retval)
        {
            perror("select");
        }
    }
}

It leads to:

--> i is 5
select: Bad file descriptor
...
--> i is 255
select: Bad file descriptor
--> i is 256

Then the application blocks. Why does this not create EBADFat 256 until FD_SETSIZE?

Requested information from comments:

The result prlimitis:

NOFILE     max number of open files                1024   1048576

This is the result strace ./test_select:

select(1024, [127], NULL, NULL, NULL)   = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor)
dup(2)                                  = 3
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x8402 (flags O_RDWR|O_APPEND|O_LARGEFILE)
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 2), ...}) = 0
write(3, "select: Bad file descriptor\n", 28select: Bad file descriptor
) = 28
close(3)                                = 0
write(1, "--> i is 128\n", 13--> i is 128
)          = 13
close(128)                              = -1 EBADF (Bad file descriptor)
select(1024, [128], NULL, NULL, NULL

Violation of thought from the comments:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main()
{
    char filename[80];
    int fd;
    for(int i = 5;i<500;i++)
    {
        snprintf(filename, 80, "/tmp/file%d", i);
        fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_APPEND | O_CREAT);
    }
    printf("--> fd is %d, FD_SETSIZE is %d\n", fd, FD_SETSIZE);
    fd_set set;
    FD_ZERO(&set);
    FD_SET(fd, &set);
    int retval = select(FD_SETSIZE, NULL, &set, NULL, NULL);
    if(-1 == retval)
    {
        perror("select");
    }
}

Results in:

$ ./test_select
--> fd is 523, FD_SETSIZE is 1024

The process ends normally, without blocking.

Answer 1

Something very strange is happening here. You may have discovered a bug in the Linux kernel.

I modified your test program to clarify it, and also not get stuck when it gets into a problem:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int main(void)
{
    fd_set set;
    struct timeval tv;
    int i;

    for(i = 5; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
    {
        FD_ZERO(&set);
        FD_SET(i, &set);

        tv.tv_sec = 0;
        tv.tv_usec = 1000;

        close(i);
        int retval = select(FD_SETSIZE, &set, 0, 0, &tv);
        if (retval == -1 && errno == EBADF)
          ;
        else
        {
            if (retval > 0)
                printf("fd %d: select returned success (%d)\n", i, retval);
            else if (retval == 0)
                printf("fd %d: select timed out\n", i);
            else
                printf("fd %d: select failed (%d; %s)\n", i, retval, strerror(errno));
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

POSIX , FD_SETSIZE, . , FreeBSD 11.1 NetBSD 7.1 ( x86 ). Linux (x86-64, ​​4.13)

fd 256: select timed out

. , strace, :

$ strace -o /dev/null ./a.out
fd 64: select timed out

, gdb, gdb -, .

Reading symbols from ./a.out...done.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /tmp/a.out 
fd 64: select timed out
[Inferior 1 (process 8209) exited with code 01]

, - , ptrace. .

Linux , .