Yes , you can connect to the Oracle 8i database with the 10g client, but for the 8i database you need the patch set 8.1.7.3, which you can get from the Oracle Metalink Support Site (login required).
Here 's the Oracle forum post with details.
Oracle , 2 ( "Oracle Homes" ( )
selecthome.bat .
, 8i :
C:\Oracle\Client1_8i\bin\selecthome.bat
, Oracle 10g:
C:\Oracle\Client2_10g\bin\selecthome.bat