I do not know of any formats that are actively focused on the appearance of the frame. (Edge / vertex only) You almost always have to deal with faces at least. The good part is that if you have no particular need for anything other than rendering a wireframe edge, you can do it with almost any API from the list of faces.
, OBJ , . , , . Microsoft X , Quake. , , , , , , , , .
, , COLLADA. , , , /, :)