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How can I write Perl that is not like C?

My staff complain that my Perl looks too strong like C, which is natural, since I program in C most of the time, and Perl a little. Here are my last efforts. I am interested in Perl, which is easy to understand. I am a bit of a critic of Perl and little tolerant of the mysterious Perl. But considering readability, how can the following code be larger than Perlish?

The goal is to analyze traffic and find out which IP addresses are within the ranges specified in the "ips" file. Here are my efforts:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

# Process the files named in the arguments, which will contain lists of IP addresses, and see if 
# any of them are in the ranges spelled out in the local file "ip", which has contents of the
# form start-dotted-quad-ip-address,end-dotted-quad-ip_address,stuff_to_be_ignored
use English;


open(IPS,"ips") or die "Can't open 'ips' $OS_ERROR";

# Increment a dotted-quad ip address
# Ignore the fact that part1 could get erroneously large.
sub increment {
    $ip = shift;

    my ($part_1, $part_2, $part_3, $part_4) = split (/\./, $ip);
    $part_4++;
    if ( $part_4 > 255 ) {
        $part_4 = 0;
        ($part_3++);
        if ( $part_3 > 255 ) {
            $part_3 = 0;
            ($part_2++);
            if ( $part_2 > 255 ) {
                $part_2 = 0;
                ($part_1++);
            }
        }
   }   
    return ("$part_1.$part_2.$part_3.$part_4");
}

# Compare two dotted-quad ip addresses.
sub is_less_than {
    $left = shift;
    $right = shift;

    my ($left_part_1, $left_part_2, $left_part_3, $left_part_4)     = split (/\./, $left);
    my ($right_part_1, $right_part_2, $right_part_3, $right_part_4) = split (/\./, $right);


    if  ($left_part_1 != $right_part_1 ) { 
        return ($left_part_1 < $right_part_1);
    }   
    if  ($left_part_2 != $right_part_2 ) { 
        return ($left_part_2 < $right_part_2);
    }   
    if  ($left_part_3 != $right_part_3 ) { 
        return ($left_part_3 < $right_part_3);
    }
    if  ($left_part_4 != $right_part_4 ) {
        return ($left_part_4 < $right_part_4);
    }
    return (false);  # They're equal
}

my %addresses;
# Parse all the ip addresses and record them in a hash.   
while (<IPS>) {
    my ($ip, $end_ip, $junk) = split /,/;
    while (is_less_than($ip, $end_ip) ) {
        $addresses{$ip}=1;
        $ip = increment($ip);
    }
}

# print IP addresses in any of the found ranges

foreach (@ARGV) {
    open(TRAFFIC, $_) or die "Can't open $_ $OS_ERROR";
    while (<TRAFFIC> ) {
        chomp;
        if (defined $addresses{$_}) {
            print "$_\n";
        }
    }
    close (TRAFFIC);

}
+5
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15 answers

Sometimes Perlish itself needs to be done in order to access CPAN instead of writing any code at all.

, Net::CIDR::Lite Net::IP::Match::Regexp:

#!/path/to/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use English;
use IO::File;
use Net::CIDR::Lite;
use Net::IP::Match::Regexp qw(create_iprange_regexp match_ip);


my $cidr = Net::CIDR::Lite->new();

my $ips_fh = IO::File->new();

$ips_fh->open("ips") or die "Can't open 'ips': $OS_ERROR";

while (my $line = <$ips_fh>) {

    chomp $line;

    my ($start, $end) = split /,/, $line;

    my $range = join('-', $start, $end);

    $cidr->add_range($range);

}

$ips_fh->close();

my $regexp = create_iprange_regexp($cidr->list());

foreach my $traffic_fn (@ARGV) {

    my $traffic_fh = IO::File->new();

    $traffic_fh->open($traffic_fn) or die "Can't open '$traffic_fh': $OS_ERROR";

    while (my $ip_address = <$traffic_fh>) {

        chomp $ip_address;

        if (match_ip($ip_address, $regexp)) {
            print $ip_address, "\n";
        }     

    }

    $traffic_fh->close();

}

: , . , . , .

: .

+15

Perl, C, :

. . ! ! (map, grep, split, join), . ; , , push, shift unshift . ; . , , ! , 3-arg. $var1, $var2, $var3; . $var_foo, $var_bar, $var_baz; . $foo ||= "default". $_, .

, IT A TRAP!!

, substr() index(). . /x, .

statement if $foo, -. : , , .

, , . . . . . POD.

CPAN. CPAN! CPAN! -, , , .

perlcritic. --brutal . perltidy. , . .

, , .

. . Perl Mongers. perlmonks.org. YAPC Perl Workshop. Perl , .

+24

Perlish Perl.

, :

my ($part_1, $part_2, $part_3, $part_4) = split (/\./, $ip);
$part_4++;
if ( $part_4 > 255 ) {
    $part_4 = 0;
    ($part_3++);
    if ( $part_3 > 255 ) {
        $part_3 = 0;
        ($part_2++);
        if ( $part_2 > 255 ) {
            $part_2 = 0;
            ($part_1++);
        }
    }
}

- :

my @parts = split (/\./, $ip);

foreach my $part(reverse @parts){
  $part++;
  last unless ($part > 255 && !($part = 0));
}

, , .

, , ? , "" IP-, > 255.

+20

:

sub is_less_than {
    my $left = shift; # I'm sure you just "forgot" to put the my() here...
    my $right = shift;

    my ($left_part_1, $left_part_2, $left_part_3, $left_part_4)     = split (/\./, $left);
    my ($right_part_1, $right_part_2, $right_part_3, $right_part_4) = split (/\./, $right);


    if  ($left_part_1 != $right_part_1 ) { 
        return ($left_part_1 < $right_part_1);
    }   
    if  ($left_part_2 != $right_part_2 ) { 
        return ($left_part_2 < $right_part_2);
    }   
    if  ($left_part_3 != $right_part_3 ) { 
        return ($left_part_3 < $right_part_3);
    }
    if  ($left_part_4 != $right_part_4 ) {
        return ($left_part_4 < $right_part_4);
    }
    return (false);  # They're equal
}

:

sub is_less_than {
    my @left = split(/\./, shift);
    my @right = split(/\./, shift);

    # one way to do it...
    for(0 .. 3) {
        if($left[$_] != $right[$_]) {
            return $left[$_] < $right[$_];
        }
    }

    # another way to do it - let avoid so much indentation...
    for(0 .. 3) {
        return $left[$_] < $right[$_] if $left[$_] != $right[$_];
    }

    # yet another way to do it - classic Perl unreadable one-liner...
    $left[$_] == $right[$_] or return $left[$_] < $right[$_] for 0 .. 3;

    # just a note - that last one uses the short-circuit logic to condense
    # the if() statement to one line, so the for() can be added on the end.
    # Perl doesn't allow things like do_this() if(cond) for(0 .. 3); You
    # can only postfix one conditional. This is a workaround. Always use
    # 'and' or 'or' in these spots, because they have the lowest precedence.

    return 0 == 1; # false is not a keyword, or a boolean value.
    # though honestly, it wouldn't hurt to just return 0 or "" or undef()
}

, :

my ($ip, $end_ip, $junk) = split /,/;

$junk @junk , , , , , - "" , .

my($ip, $end_ip) = split /,/;

:

foreach (@ARGV) {
    open(TRAFFIC, $_) or die "Can't open $_ $OS_ERROR";
    while (<TRAFFIC> ) {
        chomp;
        if (defined $addresses{$_}) {
            print "$_\n";
        }
    }
    close (TRAFFIC);
}

TRAFFIC . , exists(), , -, defined() - , undef ( , ):

foreach (@ARGV) {
    open(my $traffic, $_) or die "Can't open $_ $OS_ERROR";
    while (<$traffic> ) {
        chomp;
        print "$_\n" if exists $addresses{$_};
    }
    # $traffic goes out of scope, and implicitly closes
}

, Perl <>, @ARGV , :

while(<>) {
    chomp;
    print "$_\n" if exists $addresses{$_};
}

, use ing English, use English qw( -no_match_vars );, match_vars. , ...

use strict; use warnings;, . , -w - , Unix Perl shebang -w use warnings; . use strict;. , , my false .

strict, warnings , , . , , , strict warnings, , . , ( ) , , .

+14

, Perl.

use strict;
use warnings;

my $new_ip;
{
  my @parts = split ('\.', $ip);

  foreach my $part(reverse @parts){
    $part++;

    if( $part > 255 ){
      $part = 0;
      next;
    }else{
      last;
    }
  }
  $new_ip = join '.', reverse @parts;
}

.

use NetAddr::IP;

my $new_ip = ''.(NetAddr::IP->new($ip,0) + 1) or die;
+13

, Perl-ish, .

, IP- --256, -if , IP- 32- . IP- a.b.c.d ( ):

sub ip2int {
    my $ip = shift;
    if ($ip =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/) {
        return ($1 << 24) + ($2 << 16) + ($3 << 8) + $4;
    } else {
        return undef;
    }
}

, IP- IP- . .

$begin = "192.168.5.0";
$end = "192.168.10.255";
$target = "192.168.6.2";
if (ip2int($target) >= ip2int($begin) && ip2int($target) <= ip2int($end)) {
    print "$target is between $begin and $end\n";
} else {
    print "$target is not in range\n";
}
+6

, perl . , - asinine , , perl ​​ , , (-, ), . , - . C - .

, , , , perl, - " Perl" ', . , , - , , . , . , , perl , , , (, , Safari) . Perl, , . " ", , perl.

, foreach, $_, split , .. , perl. , - . , use English qw( -no_match_vars );. match_vars , $PREMATCH/$POSTMATCH, , .

+5

1 : . .

+4

, . FORTRAN , FORTRAN, FORTRAN :).

Perl, . " Perl". , , Perl Perl: List Operators, , grep, -, .

, Perl FORTRAN/C, - , , .

+3

:

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;

use NetAddr::IP;

my %addresses;
# Parse all the ip addresses and record them in a hash.
{
  open( my $ips_file, '<', 'ips') or die;

  local $_; # or my $_ on Perl 5.10 or later
  while( my $line = <$ips_file> ){
    my ($ip, $end_ip) = split ',', $line;
    next unless $ip and $end_ip;

    $ip     = NetAddr::IP->new( $ip, 0 ) or die;
    $end_ip = NetAddr::IP->new( $end_ip ) or die;
    while( $ip <= $end_ip ){
      $addresses{$ip->addr} = 1;
      $ip++;
    }
  }
  close $ips_file
}

# print IP addresses in any of the found ranges
use English;

for my $arg (@ARGV) {
  open(my $traffic, '<',$arg) or die "Can't open $arg $OS_ERROR";
  while( my $ip = <$traffic> ){
    chomp $ip;
    if( $addresses{$ip} ){
      say $ip
    }
  }
  close ($traffic);
}

net, :

use Modern::Perl;
use NetAddr::IP;

my @addresses;
{
  open( my $file, '<', 'ips') or die;

  while( (my $ip = <$file>) =~ s(,.*){} ){
    next unless $ip;
    $ip = NetAddr::IP->new( $ip ) or die;
    push @addresses, $ip
  }

  close $file
}


for my $filename (@ARGV) {
  open( my $traffic, '<', $filename )
    or die "Can't open $filename";

  while( my $ip = <$traffic> ) {
    chomp $ip;
    next unless $ip;

    $ip = NetAddr::IP->new($ip) or next; # skip line on error
    my @match;
    for my $cmp ( @addresses ){
      if( $ip->within($cmp) ){
        push @match, $cmp;
        #last;
      }
    }

    say "$ip => @match" if @match;

    say "# no match for $ip" unless @match;
  }
  close ($traffic);
}

ips :

192.168.0.1/24
192.168.0.0
0:0:0:0:0:0:C0A8:0/128

traffic :

192.168.1.0
192.168.0.0
192.168.0.5

:

# no match for 192.168.1.0/32
192.168.0.0/32 => 192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.0/32 0:0:0:0:0:0:C0A8:0/128
192.168.0.5/32 => 192.168.0.1/24
+2

:


if  ($left_part_1 != $right_part_1 ) { 
    return ($left_part_1 < $right_part_1);
}

:


return $left_part_1 < $right_part_1 if($left_part_1 != $right_part_1);

, Fatal, .

+1

, ", ", - , ( , Perl), .

Perl , , , .

, "un perl-ish", , , , , / - :

:

#******************************************************************************
# Load the allowable ranges into a hash
#******************************************************************************
my %ipRanges = loadIPAddressFile("../conf/ip.cfg");

#*****************************************************************************
# Get the IP to check on the command line
#*****************************************************************************
my ( $in_ip_address ) = @ARGV;

# Convert it to number for comparison
my $ipToCheckNum = 1 * sprintf("%03d%03d%03d%03d", split(/\./, $in_ip_address));

#*****************************************************************************
# Loop through the ranges and see if the number is in any of them
#*****************************************************************************
my $startIp;
my $endIp;
my $msg = "IP [$in_ip_address] is not in range.\n";

foreach $startIp (keys(%ipRanges))
   {
   $endIp = $ipRanges{$startIp};

   if ( $startIp <= $ipToCheckNum and $endIp >= $ipToCheckNum ) 
      {
      $msg = "IP [$in_ip_address] is in range [$startIp] to [$endIp]\n";
      }
   }

print $msg;

#******************************************************************************
# Function: loadIPAddressFile()
#   Author: Ron Savage
#     Date: 04/10/2009
# 
# Description:
# loads the allowable IP address ranges into a hash from the specified file.
# Hash key is the starting value of the range, value is the end of the range.
#******************************************************************************
sub loadIPAddressFile
   {
   my $ipFileHandle;
   my $startIP;
   my $endIP;
   my $startIPnum;
   my $endIPnum;
   my %rangeList;

   #***************************************************************************
   # Get the arguments sent
   #***************************************************************************
   my ( $ipFile ) = @_;

   if ( open($ipFileHandle, "< $ipFile") )
      {
      while (<$ipFileHandle>)
         {
         ( $startIP, $endIP ) = split(/\,/, $_ );

         # Convert them to numbers for comparison
         $startIPnum = 1 * sprintf("%03d%03d%03d%03d", split(/\./, $startIP));
         $endIPnum   = 1 * sprintf("%03d%03d%03d%03d", split(/\./, $endIP));

         $rangeList{$startIPnum} = $endIPnum;
         }

      close($ipFileHandle);
      }
   else
      {
      print "Couldn't open [$ipFile].\n";
      }

   return(%rangeList);
   }

(: "#" , freakin ', )

+1

- ... - ? , for. , Brad Gilbert Net:: IP . , .

On the sidelines, some comments on readability amaze me as curious. Are there fewer [explicit] complaints about Erlang / Lisp syntax readability because there is only one way to write code in them?

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This is more like C, but also simpler:

use Socket qw(inet_aton inet_ntoa);

my $ip = ("192.156.255.255");

my $ip_1 = inet_ntoa(pack("N", unpack("N", inet_aton($ip))+1));
print "$ip $ip_1\n";

Update: I posted this before reading all the code in the question. Here, the code simply increments the ip address increment.

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