The instrument produces a sound signature, just like our voices. There are algorithms that can select one vote from the crowd and determine this vote from his signature in the database, which is used in forensics. Similarly, the sound signature of a single instrument can be selected from a soundstage (for example, your mixed wave) and used to highlight the rhythm or create a copy of that instrument on its own track.
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Comparisonics , : http://www.comparisonics.com/SearchingForSounds.html