The actual amount of data that can be sent in one packet depends on what maximum transmission unit ( MTU ) is for the protocol that you are using. Read the Wikipedia article for more information.
As a rule, you have nothing to worry about - if you send a TCP packet that is too large, the operating system will fragment (turn it into several packets) for you, and it will be assembled on the host.
By the way, the Python socket library uses operating system sockets, so it has nothing special for Python.
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