MySQL does not have any analytic / rank functionality, but you can use a variable to artificially create a rank value:
SELECT t.id,
t.udid,
t.name,
t.score,
@rownum := @rownum + 1 AS rank
FROM HIGHSCORES t
JOIN (SELECT @rownum := 0) r
ORDER BY t.score DESC
To find out which rank is associated with UDID"0000", use:
SELECT MAX(x.rank) AS rank
FROM (SELECT t.id,
t.udid,
t.name,
t.score,
@rownum := @rownum + 1 AS rank
FROM HIGHSCORES t
JOIN (SELECT @rownum := 0) r
ORDER BY t.score DESC) x
WHERE x.udid = '0000'
MAX , . MAX ORDER BY rank LIMIT 1.