Short answer: yes, of course, this will affect performance, because the length of the key will directly affect the time required to navigate the tree.
This also affects storage, since longer keys take up more space and space takes time.
However, the nuance you need is that while Couch CAN (and does) allocated you new identifiers, this is not required. He will be more than happy to accept your own identifiers, rather than generate them. So, if the key length bothers you, you can use shorter keys.
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