I assume that the first JDKs (pre Java 1.0) were tested using a harness implemented using other technologies; e.g. C, shell scripts, etc.
Of course, Java testing was done in Java long before JUnit appeared. I remember that in the late 1990s, the infrastructure developed at DSTC was developed at DSTC, and a structure called Mauve was used in the GNU Classpath project. The Java Testing Framework is not rocket science.
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