I see two possibilities
Search file view
If you create a war file, you will see that the views are stored in WEB-INF / grails-app / views. You can find this resource.
def uri = this.getClass().getResource("/grails-app/views/...").toURI()
if(new File(uri).exists()){...}
Use PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver
assertView GrailsUrlMappingsTestCase.
def patternResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
def pathPattern = "grails-app/views/" + ((controller) ? "$controller/" : "") + "${view}.*"
if (!patternResolver.getResources(pathPattern)) {...}