As far as I know, there is no such alternative if the network itself is down.
The exact details of setQueryTimeout include a JDBC driver that is instructed to send an Out Of Band signal (at least in the case of the Oracle JDBC driver) to the database to stop the execution of a prepared statement; this part is important as it depends on the support built into the driver and database. After that, the database must be scheduled to execute this operation "cancel"; it may take some time if everything needs to be canceled or if other transactions need to be completed, etc.
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