No, they are not exactly the same: the operator =cannot be used wherever it <-can.
< - = , . < - , = (, , ) .
. . .
, .
" - R", :
" =, ==, . < - , , - , ( Spector, P. (2009)." R" - 8.7. system.time, = )
, Google R <-:
< -, not =, .
:
x < -5
BAD:
x = 5