You can do this by creating a tiny plugin and activating it:
<?php
add_action('admin_head', 'hidey_admin_head');
function hidey_admin_head() {
echo '<style type="text/css">';
echo '.column-date { display: none }';
echo '.column-tags { display: none }';
echo '.column-author { width:30px !important; overflow:hidden }';
echo '.column-categories { width:30px !important; overflow:hidden }';
echo '.column-title a { font-size:30px !important }';
echo '</style>';
}
?>
Obviously make CSS adjustments as needed.