Let's say you shoot a video (with the camera in a stable position) and the bird flies through the view of the camera. It should be possible to segment the image and automatically remove this bird from the video.
What are these styles of algorithms called and how are they usually executed?
There is a technique called Simple Object Cleanup (SIOX) - it uses a method for determining priority vs. background objects in still and video images. The open GIMP editor has its implementation, and more information about this here .
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