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What makes some programming languages ​​more powerful than others?

I am going to reveal my ignorance here, but in my defense I am an accountant and I have never studied computer science.

I'm going to start a new project, and I'm considering using Python instead of PHP, although I am much more familiar with PHP because I heard that Python is a more powerful language. It made me wonder what makes one programming language more powerful than another? I believe javascript is not very powerful because it (usually) works inside the browser. But why is Python more powerful than PHP? In each case, I give instructions to the computer, so why is it better to understand some languages ​​when interpreting and following these instructions? How do I know how much “power” I really need for a particular project?

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6 answers

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