You can use IFilter plugins so that you can retrieve the contents of documents and then index them. The interface is initially part of the Microsoft Index Service, but is usually available for indexing documents.
I studied technology a couple of years ago and it seems I remember that either the filters for Office documents were built into Windows, or they could be installed separately from the full Office suite, but I could be wrong here.
IFilter IFilter IFilter MSDN. P/Invoke IFilter pinvoke.net.
# MSDN.