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This is a portable binary executable.

After compiling the C program, I can take the binary executable and run it on another system where gcc is not loaded, for example, the Ubuntu field?

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Partly true. Yes, you do not need the compiler itself, but you need the C runtime library. In any case, both the C compiler and the C environment are part of POSIX, so you cannot find a Unix system without them.

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Technically: yes, but use a static link if you need maximum portability

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Depends on the platforms and libraries installed on the platform. A compiled executable will most likely be dynamically related dependencies between libraries, for example, libcand what was associated with it at compile time.

What platforms / compilers are involved and where do you want to move this binary?

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