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Is it possible to read / write bits from a file using JAVA?

For reading / writing binary files I use DataInputStream / DataOutputStream, they have this writeByte () / readByte () method, but what I want to do is read / write bits? Is it possible?

I want to use it for a compression algorithm, so when I compress, I want to write 3 bits (for one number and millions of such numbers in a file), and if I write a byte every time, I need to write 3 bits, I will write a lot of redundant data ...

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9 answers

It is not possible to directly read / write individual bits, the smallest block you can read / write is a byte.

bitwise , , , . 2

byte b = in.readByte();
byte lowBits = b&0x3;

4 1 :

b |= 0xf;
out.writeByte(b);

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import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

class BitOutputStream {

    private OutputStream out;
    private boolean[] buffer = new boolean[8];
    private int count = 0;

    public BitOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
        this.out = out;
    }

    public void write(boolean x) throws IOException {
        this.count++;
        this.buffer[8-this.count] = x;
        if (this.count == 8){
            int num = 0;
            for (int index = 0; index < 8; index++){
                num = 2*num + (this.buffer[index] ? 1 : 0);
            }

            this.out.write(num - 128);

            this.count = 0;
        }
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
        int num = 0;
        for (int index = 0; index < 8; index++){
            num = 2*num + (this.buffer[index] ? 1 : 0);
        }

        this.out.write(num - 128);

        this.out.close();
    }

}

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import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

class BitInputStream {

    private InputStream in;
    private int num = 0;
    private int count = 8;

    public BitInputStream(InputStream in) {
        this.in = in;
    }

    public boolean read() throws IOException {
        if (this.count == 8){
            this.num = this.in.read() + 128;
            this.count = 0;
        }

        boolean x = (num%2 == 1);
        num /= 2;
        this.count++;

        return x;
    }

    public void close() throws IOException {
        this.in.close();
    }

}

, , , BufferedStream BitStream FileStream, .

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

class Test {

    private static final int n = 1000000;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Random random = new Random();

        //Generate array

        long startTime = System.nanoTime();

        boolean[] outputArray = new boolean[n];
        for (int index = 0; index < n; index++){
            outputArray[index] = random.nextBoolean();
        }

        System.out.println("Array generated in " + (double)(System.nanoTime() - startTime)/1000/1000/1000 + " seconds.");

        //Write to file

        startTime = System.nanoTime();

        BitOutputStream fout = new BitOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("booleans.bin")));

        for (int index = 0; index < n; index++){
            fout.write(outputArray[index]);
        }

        fout.close();

        System.out.println("Array written to file in " + (double)(System.nanoTime() - startTime)/1000/1000/1000 + " seconds.");

        //Read from file

        startTime = System.nanoTime();

        BitInputStream fin = new BitInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("booleans.bin")));

        boolean[] inputArray = new boolean[n];
        for (int index = 0; index < n; index++){
            inputArray[index] = fin.read();
        }

        fin.close();

        System.out.println("Array read from file in " + (double)(System.nanoTime() - startTime)/1000/1000/1000 + " seconds.");

        //Delete file
        new File("booleans.bin").delete();

        //Check equality

        boolean equal = true;
        for (int index = 0; index < n; index++){
            if (outputArray[index] != inputArray[index]){
                equal = false;
                break;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("Input " + (equal ? "equals " : "doesn't equal ") + "output.");
    }

}
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+3

InputStreams OutputStreams - .

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+2

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+1

Afaik Java API. , , , . .

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https://github.com/jinahya/bit-io

, http://jinahya.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/com.googlecode.jinahya/bit-io/src/main/java/com/googlecode/jinahya/io/

<dependency>
  <!-- resides in central repo -->
  <groupId>com.googlecode.jinahya</groupId>
  <artifactId>bit-io</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-alpha-13</version>
</dependency>

/ Java.

final InputStream stream;
final BitInput input = new BitInput(new BitInput.StreamInput(stream));

final int b = input.readBoolean(); // reads a 1-bit boolean value
final int i = input.readUnsignedInt(3); // reads a 3-bit unsigned int
final long l = input.readLong(47); // reads a 47-bit signed long

input.align(1); // 8-bit byte align; padding


final WritableByteChannel channel;
final BitOutput output = new BitOutput(new BitOutput.ChannelOutput(channel));

output.writeBoolean(true); // writes a 1-bit boolean value
output.writeInt(17, 0x00); // writes a 17-bit signed int
output.writeUnsignedLong(54, 0x00L); // writes a 54-bit unsigned long

output.align(4); // 32-bit byte align; discarding
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    int[] mynumbers = {3,4};
    BitSet compressedNumbers = new BitSet(mynumbers.length*3);
    // let say you encoded 3 as 101 and 4 as 010
    String myNumbersAsBinaryString = "101010"; 
    for (int i = 0; i < myNumbersAsBinaryString.length(); i++) {
        if(myNumbersAsBinaryString.charAt(i) == '1')
            compressedNumbers.set(i);
    }
    String path = Resources.getResource("myfile.out").getPath();
    ObjectOutputStream outputStream = null;
    try {
        outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
        outputStream.writeObject(compressedNumbers);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
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, Java BitSet. javadoc:

This class implements a bit vector that grows as needed. Each bit set component has a logical value. BitSet bits are indexed by non-negative integers. Individual indexed bits can be checked, set, or cleared. One BitSet can be used to modify the contents of another BitSet using logical ANDs, logical ORs, and logical exclusive ORs.

You can convert BitSets to long [] and byte [] to save data to a file.

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