I am creating a site that should work with browsers that support JavaScript and browsers that do not (or have disabled). What are the good resources that explain the good approaches for doing this? Any specific technologies or frameworks that do a good job of this?
This method is called progressive improvement, Christian Heilmann wrote a good introduction to the topic.
There is an excellent video presentation from JSConf.eu 2010 on this topic.
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Start by creating a version of a page or group of pages that doesn't use JavaScript. Add your JS on top of the function pages and save JS from your html wherever possible (this is almost always possible).
If you are familiar with Rails, you can check out the blog post . The post and example project shows how you can handle deleted files with JS enabled and disabled.