How do most applications save their data? (not to mention web applications)

I am new to software development. Now I plan to develop a small but useful software to help people read and browse English words.

As a long-term linux user, I found that user-oriented applications preserve user configuration in various ways, such as XML, plain text, SQLite, etc. When I become a developer, the most important thing that I believe is to choose the right approach.

So, here is my question, how do most applications save their data? In particular, could you list some commonly used data storage methods? The above data refers to the one that helps the application remember the thing and return to the previous state when it starts next time (maybe this is all that the configuration file is). By the way, I like the plain text style configuration, it looks like this:

property1 = value1

property2 = value2

...

I wonder how programmers implement the whole scheme, should they use a regular expression, or are there third-party libraries to call, or do they just write code to analyze it directly?

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