It looks like he uses this as an "expression to indicate patterns":
The pattern / PATTERN / can be replaced with an expression to indicate patterns that change at run time. (To execute the run-time collection only once, use / $ variable / o.)
edit: I tested it with this:
my $foo = 'a:b:c,d,e';
print join(' ', split("[:,]", $foo)), "\n";
print join(' ', split(/[:,]/, $foo)), "\n";
print join(' ', split(/\Q[:,]\E/, $foo)), "\n";
' ', .