Not knowing exactly what types of diagrams you would like to create, and which disadvantages of Graphviz make you look for an alternative, I'm not sure if the following alternatives are applicable to your needs:
Web Sequence Schema creates diagrams from text files and an API is available. You can also buy a server version, which will be hosted on the internal network, if required.
yUML also creates diagrams from text, and also has a license for local use.
Another python-based block / sequence / activity / network diagram tool is blockdiag .
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