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How should the compiler make sure that the state of the data member does not change in the const function? (either in C ++ or in Java)

How can a C ++ or Java compiler make sure that none of the states of member variables is changed in a member function const(mutable exception).

Will the compiler do something like putting code in an unwritable code segment or something like that?

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The compiler does not guarantee. It cannot, because there is no rule in the language that says that the state of a member variable cannot change in function const. The only rule: you cannot change state with a pointer this(without dropping const).

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}

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