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Intersection between line and sphere

I’m trying to find the intersection between the sphere and the line, but to be honest, I don’t know how to do this. Can someone help me with this?

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Express the string as a function t:

{ x(t) = x0*(1-t) + t*x1
{ y(t) = y0*(1-t) + t*y1
{ z(t) = z0*(1-t) + t*z1

When t = 0, he will be at one endpoint (x0,y0,z0). When t = 1, he will be at another endpoint (x1,y1,z1).

Write the formula for the distance to the center of the sphere (squared) in t(where (xc,yc,zc)is the center of the sphere):

f(t) = (x(t) - xc)^2 + (y(t) - yc)^2 + (z(t) - zc)^2

Solve for twhen f(t)equals R^2( R- the radius of the sphere):

(x(t) - xc)^2 + (y(t) - yc)^2 + (z(t) - zc)^2 = R^2

A = (x0-xc)^2 + (y0-yc)^2 + (z0-zc)^2 - R^2
B = (x1-xc)^2 + (y1-yc)^2 + (z1-zc)^2 - A - C - R^2
C = (x0-x1)^2 + (y0-y1)^2 + (z0-z1)^2

A + B*t + C*t^2 = 0 t. .

. , t 0 1, .

t, , .

, ( ). ( ), ( ) . t - , 0 1.

: B. . M Katz, , .

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, . , , , , , , , , ( ).

: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/19799/Simple-Ray-Tracing-in-C-Part-II-Triangles-Intersec, , .

#, :

    public static Point3D[] FindLineSphereIntersections( Point3D linePoint0, Point3D linePoint1, Point3D circleCenter, double circleRadius )
    {
        // http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/19799/Simple-Ray-Tracing-in-C-Part-II-Triangles-Intersec

        double cx = circleCenter.X;
        double cy = circleCenter.Y;
        double cz = circleCenter.Z;

        double px = linePoint0.X;
        double py = linePoint0.Y;
        double pz = linePoint0.Z;

        double vx = linePoint1.X - px;
        double vy = linePoint1.Y - py;
        double vz = linePoint1.Z - pz;

        double A = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz;
        double B = 2.0 * (px * vx + py * vy + pz * vz - vx * cx - vy * cy - vz * cz);
        double C = px * px - 2 * px * cx + cx * cx + py * py - 2 * py * cy + cy * cy +
                   pz * pz - 2 * pz * cz + cz * cz - circleRadius * circleRadius;

        // discriminant
        double D = B * B - 4 * A * C;

        if ( D < 0 )
        {
            return new Point3D[ 0 ];
        }

        double t1 = ( -B - Math.Sqrt ( D ) ) / ( 2.0 * A );

        Point3D solution1 = new Point3D( linePoint0.X * ( 1 - t1 ) + t1 * linePoint1.X,
                                         linePoint0.Y * ( 1 - t1 ) + t1 * linePoint1.Y,
                                         linePoint0.Z * ( 1 - t1 ) + t1 * linePoint1.Z );
        if ( D == 0 )
        {
            return new Point3D[] { solution1 };
        }

        double t2 = ( -B + Math.Sqrt( D ) ) / ( 2.0 * A );
        Point3D solution2 = new Point3D( linePoint0.X * ( 1 - t2 ) + t2 * linePoint1.X,
                                         linePoint0.Y * ( 1 - t2 ) + t2 * linePoint1.Y,
                                         linePoint0.Z * ( 1 - t2 ) + t2 * linePoint1.Z );

        // prefer a solution that on the line segment itself

        if ( Math.Abs( t1 - 0.5 ) < Math.Abs( t2 - 0.5 ) )
        {
            return new Point3D[] { solution1, solution2 };
        }

        return new Point3D[] { solution2, solution1 };
    }
+7

, , , . SEGMENT, , t1 t2 ( ). . # :

        public static Point3D[] FindLineSphereIntersections(Point3D linePoint0, Point3D linePoint1, Point3D circleCenter, double circleRadius)
    {

        double cx = circleCenter.X;
        double cy = circleCenter.Y;
        double cz = circleCenter.Z;

        double px = linePoint0.X;
        double py = linePoint0.Y;
        double pz = linePoint0.Z;

        double vx = linePoint1.X - px;
        double vy = linePoint1.Y - py;
        double vz = linePoint1.Z - pz;

        double A = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz;
        double B = 2.0 * (px * vx + py * vy + pz * vz - vx * cx - vy * cy - vz * cz);
        double C = px * px - 2 * px * cx + cx * cx + py * py - 2 * py * cy + cy * cy +
                   pz * pz - 2 * pz * cz + cz * cz - circleRadius * circleRadius;

        // discriminant
        double D = B * B - 4 * A * C;

        double t1 = (-B - Math.Sqrt(D)) / (2.0 * A);

        Point3D solution1 = new Point3D(linePoint0.X * (1 - t1) + t1 * linePoint1.X,
                                         linePoint0.Y * (1 - t1) + t1 * linePoint1.Y,
                                         linePoint0.Z * (1 - t1) + t1 * linePoint1.Z);

        double t2 = (-B + Math.Sqrt(D)) / (2.0 * A);
        Point3D solution2 = new Point3D(linePoint0.X * (1 - t2) + t2 * linePoint1.X,
                                         linePoint0.Y * (1 - t2) + t2 * linePoint1.Y,
                                         linePoint0.Z * (1 - t2) + t2 * linePoint1.Z);

        if (D < 0 || t1 > 1 || t2 >1)
        {
            return new Point3D[0];
        }
        else if (D == 0)
        {
            return new [] { solution1 };
        }
        else
        {
            return new [] { solution1, solution2 };
        }
    }
+4

" " - , stackoverflow.

+2

Wolfram Alpha , .

:

:

     x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = r^2

:

    x = x0 + Cos[x1] t
    y = y0 + Cos[y1] t
    z = z0 + Cos[z1] t

Wolfram Alpha t: (!)

( )

+2

(x, y, z), .

0, 1 2 .

  • 0 ,
  • 1 ,
  • 2 , .
+1

, 100 LOC . , .

, C r. P+l*D, D*D=1. P C - , D - , l - .

PC = P-C, pd = PC*D s = pd*pd - PC*PC + r*r. s < 0 , s == 0 , - . l = -pd +- sqrt(s), P+l*D.

0

:
line: (x-x0)/a=(y-y0)/b=(z-z0)/c, , . : (x-xc)^2+(y-yc)^2+(z-zc)^2 = R^2.

x y, x z.

y z x . x, y z.

x , , .

0

, , .

if (D < 0)
    return new Point3D[0];
else if ((t1 > 1 || t1 < 0) && (t2 > 1 || t2 < 0))
    return new Point3D[0];
else if (!(t1 > 1 || t1 < 0) && (t2 > 1 || t2 < 0))
    return new [] { solution1 };
else if ((t1 > 1 || t1 < 0) && !(t2 > 1 || t2 < 0))
    return new [] { solution2 };
else if (D == 0)
    return new [] { solution1 };
else
    return new [] { solution1, solution2 };
0

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