How to use xpath from lxml on empty nodes with names?

Question

What is the best way to deal with the lack of a namespace on some nodes in an XML document using lxml? Should I first change all the No nodes to add the name gmd and then change the attributes of the tree to name http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd as gmd? If so, is there a clean way to do this with lxml or something else that would be relatively clean / safe?

from lxml import etree
nsmap = charts_tree.nsmap
nsmap.pop(None) # complains without this on the xpath with
# TypeError: empty namespace prefix is not supported in XPath
len (charts_tree.xpath('//*/gml:Polygon',namespaces=nsmap))
# 1180
len (charts_tree.xpath('//*/DS_DataSet',namespaces=nsmap))
# 0 ... Bummer!
len (charts_tree.xpath('//*/DS_DataSet'))
# 0 ... Also a bummer

eg. http://www.charts.noaa.gov/ENCs/ENCProdCat_19115.xml

<DS_Series xmlns="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd" xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2" xmlns:gsr="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gsr" xmlns:gss="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gss" xmlns:gts="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://schemas.opengis.net/iso/19139/20070417/gmd/gmd.xsd">
<composedOf>
    <DS_DataSet>
        <has>
            <MD_Metadata>
                <parentIdentifier>
                    <gco:CharacterString>NOAA ENC Product Catalog</gco:CharacterString>
                </parentIdentifier>
...
<EX_BoundingPolygon>
    <polygon>
        <gml:Polygon gml:id="US1AK90M_P1">
            <gml:exterior>
                <gml:LinearRing>
                    <gml:pos>67.61505 -178.99979</gml:pos>
                    <gml:pos>73.99999 -178.99979</gml:pos>
...
                    <gml:pos>64.99997 -178.99979</gml:pos>
                    <gml:pos>67.61505 -178.99979</gml:pos>
                </gml:LinearRing>

Answer 1

, DS_DataSet DS_Series ( "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd" ), .

(, , , , , ).

nsmap['some_ns'] = "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd"
len (charts_tree.xpath('//*/some_ns:DS_DataSet',namespaces=nsmap))

:

nsmap['gmd'] = nsmap[None]
nsmap.pop(None)
len(charts_tree.xpath('//*/gmd:DS_DataSet',namespaces=nsmap))