I found my own solution. Maybe this also helps someone else. In addition, I think this is not too smart ... so I look forward to your suggestions.
axis(1, at = start(time(myts))[1]:end(time(myts))[1], labels = TRUE)
EDIT: Found a more elegant solution:
require(zoo)
x <- as.yearqtr("1991 Q1")
format.Date(x,"%Y")
@matty T ts (. ).