This is a little speculative since I did not test it, but I believe that through JS you can add an element style, followed by the element it affects, and then check the values:
(jQuery ):
$('<style type="text/css" id="foo">input[type="text"]{ width: 10px; }</style>').appendTo('head');
$('<input type="text" id="bar">').appendTo('body');
if ($('#bar').width() == 10)
{
//attr selector supported
}
$('#foo, #bar').remove();