Let the trace go through the solution to this problem.
-, , n . n , , . n - 1, , n - 1 . n - 2, , n - 2 ..
Num = n x (n - 1) x (n - 2) x... x 1 = n!
, n! . , n! n .
, , ? , . , :
1 2 3
1 3 2
2 1 3
2 3 1
3 1 2
3 2 1
:
1
1 2 3 -> / \
3---2
1
1 3 2 -> / \
2---3
2
2 1 3 -> / \
3---1
2
2 3 1 -> / \
1---3
3
3 1 2 -> / \
2---1
3
3 2 1 -> / \
1---2
, n! . , , 1 . :
1
1 2 3 -> / \
3---2
1
1 3 2 -> / \
2---3
1
2 1 3 -> / \
2---3
1
2 3 1 -> / \
3---2
1
3 1 2 -> / \
3---2
1
3 2 1 -> / \
2---3
, :
1 1
/ \ x3 / \ x3
2---3 3---2
, ; .
, , , . , , , , n , . , , , . n , ,
!/n = (n - 1)!
, (n - 1)! .
, !