Replacing a subexpression with a character?

Question

I have a 3x3 matrix from which I calculate the inverse. The reverse can be written legibly only when some subexpressions are replaced with new characters, because they appear several times. Can I try to find these subexpressions and replace them? I tried the following, without success:

from sympy import *

Ex, Ez, nuxy, nuxz = symbols('E_x E_z nu_xy nu_xz')

# compliance matrix for cross-anisotropic material
compl = Matrix([[1/Ex, -nuxy/Ex, -nuxz/Ez],
                [-nuxy/Ex, 1/Ex, -nuxz/Ez],
                [-nuxz/Ex, -nuxz/Ex, 1/Ez]])

# stiffness matrix
stiff = compl.inv()

# symbols I want to introduce 
m, e = symbols('m e')  

meSubs = {Ex/Ez: e, (1 - nuxy - 2*e*nuxz**2): m}  # instead of these subexpressions

# stiff.simplify() returns None, is that a bug? that why I apply simplify together with subs here:
stiff.applyfunc(lambda x: simplify(x.subs(meSubs)))
print stiff

Using sympy 0.6.7 (I could upgrade if necessary).

EDIT:

I upgraded to 0.7.1- git (cf9c01f8f9b4b749a7f59891f546646e4b38e580, to be precise) and ran (thanks @PreludeAndFugue for the suggestion):

from sympy import *
Ex,Ez,nuxy,nuxz,m=symbols('E_x E_z nu_xy nu_xz m')
compl=Matrix([[1/Ex,-nuxy/Ex,-nuxz/Ez],[-nuxy/Ex,1/Ex,-nuxz/Ez],[-nuxz/Ex,-nuxz/Ex,1/Ez]])
stiff=compl.inv()
stiff.simplify()
stiff.subs({-nuxy-2*nuxz**2+1:m})    # tried other rearrangements of the equality, as well, same result.
stiff.applyfunc(lambda x: together(expand(x)))
pprint(stiff)

getting

⎡              ⎛    2    ⎞                         ⎛            2⎞                              ⎤
⎢           Eₓ⋅⎝ν_xz  - 1⎠                     -Eₓ⋅⎝-ν_xy - ν_xz ⎠                 Eₓ⋅ν_xz      ⎥
⎢ ──────────────────────────────────   ────────────────────────────────────  ───────────────────⎥
⎢     2              2         2             2              2         2                    2    ⎥
⎢ ν_xy  + 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz  + 2⋅ν_xz  - 1   - ν_xy  - 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz  - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1  -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1⎥
⎢                                                                                               ⎥
⎢            ⎛            2⎞                         ⎛    2    ⎞                                ⎥
⎢        -Eₓ⋅⎝-ν_xy - ν_xz ⎠                      Eₓ⋅⎝ν_xz  - 1⎠                   Eₓ⋅ν_xz      ⎥
⎢────────────────────────────────────   ──────────────────────────────────   ───────────────────⎥
⎢      2              2         2           2              2         2                     2    ⎥
⎢- ν_xy  - 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz  - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1   ν_xy  + 2⋅ν_xy⋅ν_xz  + 2⋅ν_xz  - 1   -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1⎥
⎢                                                                                               ⎥
⎢              E_z⋅ν_xz                              E_z⋅ν_xz                  E_z⋅(ν_xy - 1)   ⎥
⎢        ───────────────────                   ───────────────────           ────────────────── ⎥
⎢                      2                                     2                            2     ⎥
⎣        -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1                   -ν_xy - 2⋅ν_xz  + 1           ν_xy + 2⋅ν_xz  - 1 ⎦

Hm, so why can't I replace "-ν_xy-2⋅ν_xz² + 1" with m?

Answer 1

, 0.6.7 - , 0.7.1.

stiff, , meSubs . stiff, :

stiff.simplify()
stiff = stiff.subs({2*nuxz**2: 1 - nuxy - m})
stiff = stiff.applyfunc(lambda x: together(expand(x)))
pprint(stiff)

:

[      /     2    \        /             2\                  ]
[  E_x*\nu_xz  - 1/    E_x*\nu_xy + nu_xz /     E_x*nu_xz    ]
[  ----------------    --------------------     ---------    ]
[   m*(-nu_xy - 1)        m*(nu_xy + 1)             m        ]
[                                                            ]
[    /             2\        /     2    \                    ]
[E_x*\nu_xy + nu_xz /    E_x*\nu_xz  - 1/       E_x*nu_xz    ]
[--------------------    ----------------       ---------    ]
[   m*(nu_xy + 1)         m*(-nu_xy - 1)            m        ]
[                                                            ]
[     E_z*nu_xz             E_z*nu_xz        E_z*(-nu_xy + 1)]
[     ---------             ---------        ----------------]
[         m                     m                   m        ]

expand: http://docs.sympy.org/0.7.1/modules/core.html?highlight=expand#sympy.core.function.expand

: http://docs.sympy.org/0.7.1/modules/polys/reference.html?highlight=together#sympy.polys.rationaltools.together

Answer 2

, subs . applyfunc , .

In [10]: pprint(stiff.subs({-nuxy-2*nuxz**2+1:m}))
⎡               ⎛     2    ⎞                            ⎛              2⎞                            ⎤
⎢            Eₓ⋅⎝nu_xz  - 1⎠                        -Eₓ⋅⎝-nu_xy - nu_xz ⎠                Eₓ⋅nu_xz    ⎥
⎢ ──────────────────────────────────────   ────────────────────────────────────────      ────────    ⎥
⎢      2                2          2              2                2          2             m        ⎥
⎢ nu_xy  + 2⋅nu_xy⋅nu_xz  + 2⋅nu_xz  - 1   - nu_xy  - 2⋅nu_xy⋅nu_xz  - 2⋅nu_xz  + 1                  ⎥
⎢                                                                                                    ⎥
⎢             ⎛              2⎞                           ⎛     2    ⎞                               ⎥
⎢         -Eₓ⋅⎝-nu_xy - nu_xz ⎠                        Eₓ⋅⎝nu_xz  - 1⎠                   Eₓ⋅nu_xz    ⎥
⎢────────────────────────────────────────   ──────────────────────────────────────       ────────    ⎥
⎢       2                2          2            2                2          2              m        ⎥
⎢- nu_xy  - 2⋅nu_xy⋅nu_xz  - 2⋅nu_xz  + 1   nu_xy  + 2⋅nu_xy⋅nu_xz  + 2⋅nu_xz  - 1                   ⎥
⎢                                                                                                    ⎥
⎢               E_z⋅nu_xz                                 E_z⋅nu_xz                  -E_z⋅(nu_xy - 1)⎥
⎢               ─────────                                 ─────────                  ────────────────⎥
⎣                   m                                         m                             m        ⎦

Matrix , MutableMatrix . . https://code.google.com/p/sympy/issues/detail?id=3410. .