This is not like VC mangling, which always starts with a question mark.
However, it follows the g ++ switching scheme, as suggested at startup
$ c++filt --format=gnu "_Xran__Q2_3std12_String_baseCFv"
std::_String_base::_Xran( const(void))
, _Xran, , VC std::string.
, , , , #include <string>.
: ++ filter - , V++?