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The value of the dollar sign and curly braces containing a Javascript block outside the HTML Script Tag

I am currently reading "Javascript Web Applications" (O'Reilly, Alex MacCaw) and very early there is a piece of code that may appear to execute the JS function in an HTML document, but it is not enclosed in tags <script>:

// template.html
<div>
  <script>
    function doSomething(aParam) {
      /* do stuff ... */
    };
  </script>
  ${ doSomething(this.someX) }
</div>

Please, can someone kindly explain the designation of the dollar sign-curly brace ? I am currently studying JS and I have not seen this before, so I assume that it is either a JS abbreviation for executing the code (if so, then why there is no end semicolon?), Or maybe some proprietary mark-up patterns (Ruby? PHP?) Or something else?

Many thanks.

UPDATE

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