After reading your question again, I deleted my previous answer.
I just tested the following class in VS2010:
Class Outer
Public Shared Index As Integer
Class Inner
Private Index As Integer
Public Shared Sub Test()
Debug.WriteLine(Outer.Index)
End Sub
End Class
End Class
Then I added the following code for testing:
Outer.Index = 1
Outer.Inner.Test()
, "1" "".