New answer
This is not possible with its standard JSR 303 Validatators. The problem is that annotation values are compile-time values, but values in properties are only available at run time.
Of course, you can write your own JSR-303 Validators that read the value from the properties file during validation.
So you can use it like this:
@MySize (minKey = "password.min", maxKey = "password.max", message = "{password.range}" )
MySizeValidator minKey , .