Convert string to date with new Date(dateString). Then normalize the date today to omit the time information with today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0). Then you can simply compare the dates above:
var date = new Date(dateInput);
if (isNaN(date)) {
alert("please enter a date");
}
else {
var today = new Date();
today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
date.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
var dateTense = "present";
if (date < today) {
dateTense = "past";
}
else if (date > today) {
dateTense = "future";
}
alert("You entered a " + dateTense + " date");
}
: http://jsfiddle.net/w2sJd/