You do not need to install Xcode. I installed the command line tools and then edited the file "/Applications/MATLAB_R2012a.app/bin/mexopts.sh" and
changed CC from gcc-4.2 to llvm-gcc-4.2
changed CXX from gcc-4.2 to llvm-g ++ - 4.2
SDKROOT '/'
. "mex -setup" MATLAB
(Mac OSX 10.8.2, - 2012, MATLAB 2012a)