Since your XML document has an XML ( <oval_system_characteristics xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-system-characteristics-5") namespace - you need to include it in your query!
How you can do this depends on which system / programming language you use. In .NET / C # you can do it something like this:
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.Load(yourXmlFileNameHere);
XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
mgr.AddNamespace("ns", "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-system-characteristics-5");
XmlNodeList list = doc.SelectNodes("//ns:collected_objects", mgr);
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