Firstly, some misconceptions:
MinGW (.org) does not provide a 64-bit version of its runtime. MinGW-w64, in addition to their 32-bit CRT. They are also working on ARM support. And support various additional APIs (Win32 and others).
Cygwin ↔ MinGW-w64: Cygwin MS CRT (msvcrt.dll). POSIX Cygwin (kernel32.dll, ntdll.dll ..), cygwin1.dll.
...
MinGW-w64 , GCC 4.6 ( , 4.5.1 ) 64- Windows. , , MinGW API C, msvcrt.dll, msdn.com ( MSV++ 2003, ), , , GCC, glibc- Windows. -. , sizeof(long)!=sizeof(T*) x64 Windows. * nix x86 Windows x64 Windows.