Meteor uses the node command "fs.watch", which uses the linux inotify API. Your system may not have inotify support or is disabled. Try this to see if inotify support is enabled:
cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances
If this file exists and has a small number in it, try as root :
echo 8192 > /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances
, , inotify - .
max_user_instances . :
echo fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/10-inotify.conf && sudo sysctl -p