Many system calls are available, but only through their own shell mechanisms, and cannot directly specify the exact parameters. For instance:
exec 4>outfile
calls:
open("outfile", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, 0666) = 3
dup2(3, 4)
(when replacing 3with the next available descriptor) and
exec 4<&-
calls:
close(4)
, bash, (. enable, ); , , .