The instance that you must use with d: DataContext must be declared in XAML, for example with StaticResource .
Here is how you could do it:
<UserControl x:Class="WpfApplication1.UserControl1" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApplication1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300"> <UserControl.Resources> <local:MyViewModel x:Key="mockViewModel"/> </UserControl.Resources> <Grid> <ItemsControl d:DataContext="{StaticResource mockViewModel}" ItemsSource="{Binding Items}"> <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> </ItemsControl> </Grid> </UserControl>
Class I, used as a data context, is defined as follows:
namespace WpfApplication1 { public class Item { public Item(string name) { Name = name; } public string Name { get; private set; } } public class MyViewModel { public List<Item> Items { get { return new List<Item>() { new Item("Thing 1"), new Item("Thing 2") }; } } } }
Of course, you can also set the data context in UserControl or in your window.
Here is the result: 
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