Well, I think you have your answer - PostgreSQL does not yet support concurrent query. General performance recommendations are very relevant, and you can also consider a section that can allow you to trim partitions rather than delete parts of a table, or increase memory allocation. It is impossible to give good advice about this without knowing more about the request.
Having experience with similar problems in non-parallel Oracle query systems, I suggest you also consider what equipment you use.
The current trend towards processors with a very large number of cores is excellent help for web servers or other multiprocessor systems with many short-lived transactions, but you have a data processing system with small large transactions. For this you need the right equipment. CPUs with fewer more powerful cores are the best choice, and you should pay attention to memory and memory bandwidth.
That's why engineering systems were popular in large data and data warehouses.
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