ArchLinux is just a regular desktop distribution that is distributed through pre-created ISO images. Buildroot and Yocto are tools for building Linux embedded distributions, where you load the build system and then configure it for your purpose (select tool chain, packages, etc.), and then create a bootloader, kernel, and root file system , and Angstrom is a distribution for embedded systems.
Yocto and Angstrom are based on the OpenEmbedded project . Buildroot takes a different approach and uses a Kconfig system such as the Linux kernel.
So far I have only used Buildroot for ARM systems, and I really like this distribution. It is very simple to create and extend your first rootfs. But you may have to try some of these distributions to figure out which one suits your needs. Look at the distribution documentation, tutorials, etc.
If you do not want to compile your rootfs, try ArchLinux . If you are familiar with OpenEmbedded , check out Yocto and Angstrom . If you like Kconfig, try Buildroot .
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