You can normalize files, as indicated in the comments, or use such a globe:
paste file_?.dat file_??.dat
? will expand to one character, so file_?.dat can only expand to: file_1.dat .. file_9.dat and file_??.dat can only expand to file_10.dat .. file_99.dat .
However, this will happen if you do not have files matching glob, since it will be processed literally.
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