Configure the charts on a global temp table or table in another database before you recreate the dev database. You can do this by doing something like this:
IF (OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..##TempTable') IS NOT NULL) DROP TABLE
Unfortunately, you cannot successfully run this from a pre-deployment script if you delete and recreate the dev database. A pre-deployed script runs after the drop. Therefore, I would look at creating a powershell script that publishes dacpac, and before the dacpac deployment step executes the above statement, complete the diagram step.
After deploying dacpac, run something like this to recreate the diagrams:
INSERT INTO dbo.sysdiagrams (name, principal_id, version, definition) SELECT name, principal_id, version, definition FROM
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