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How to access packages installed by pip -user?

I realized that I have an outdated version:

$ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import numpy as np >>> np.version.full_version '1.8.0rc1'

I tried to update it, but for some reason I could not install it on the whole machine:

 $ sudo pip install -U numpy Password: Downloading/unpacking numpy from https://pypi.python.org/packages/dd/9f/cd0ec9c50e4ed8650901ad4afde164e5252b6182a9e0c7bff5f8b4441960/numpy-1.11.1.zip#md5=5caa3428b24aaa07e72c79d115140e46 Downloading numpy-1.11.1.zip (4.7MB): 4.7MB downloaded ... Found existing installation: numpy 1.8.0rc1 Uninstalling numpy: Cleaning up... Exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 134, in main status = self.run(options, args) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 241, in run requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1294, in install requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 525, in uninstall paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1639, in remove renames(path, new_path) File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/util.py", line 294, in renames shutil.move(old, new) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move copy2(src, real_dst) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2 copystat(src, dst) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags) OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-fajcj_-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy-1.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info' Storing complete log in /Users/csaftoiu/Library/Logs/pip.log

Ok, then I just install on --user :

 $ pip install -U --user numpy ... Successfully installed numpy

But the version is not updated!

 $ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import numpy as np >>> np.version.full_version '1.8.0rc1'

Where did the installed version go?

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According to Python docs , this is set using a "user schema":

Files will be installed in the subdirectories site.USER_BASE (hereinafter referred to as the user).

You can see your USER_BASE value as follows:

 $ python -c "import site; print(site.USER_BASE)" /Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7

I found that on my machine it was on sys.path , but it appeared after the global installation directories.

I solved this by adding this to my ~/.bash_profile :

 # add user base to python path export PYTHONPATH=$(python -c "import site, os; print(os.path.join(site.USER_BASE, 'lib', 'python', 'site-packages'))"):$PYTHONPATH

Now the latest version is really downloaded:

 $ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import numpy >>> numpy <module 'numpy' from '/Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/numpy/__init__.pyc'> >>> numpy.version.full_version '1.11.1' >>>
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I installed packages with sudo pip install --user and I had to make sudo python so that it sudo pip install --user .

 vishnu$ echo $PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

With sudo:

 vishnu$ sudo python Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import rasa_core >>>

Without sudo:

 vishnu$ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import rasa_core Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: No module named rasa_core

PS: I run them on Mac OS High Sierra and my problem was with rasa_core and dependent packages.

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