I am looking for a function that will try to find and return everything that matches the regular expression \\(\\S-\\) and possibly nil if nothing was found. The search must begin with (point) and search at the end of the document.
\\(\\S-\\)
(point)
Use re-search-forward and match-string :
re-search-forward
match-string
(when (re-search-forward "\\(\\S-\\)" nil t) (match-string 1))
If you do not want the point to move, wrap it in save-excursion :
save-excursion
(save-excursion (when ...