The source of problems for the solution that have known answers is Project Euler .
This is not C itself, since there is definitely a mathematical orientation to the problems posed. However, an honest attempt to solve a significant number of them will require advanced training with structures, pointers, a standard library, and thinking about things so that they work well in C.
Another resource that often seems to be missed is that MIT invests most of its curriculum on the Internet. Their EE / CS department is no exception. Class Introduction to algorithms may be one of the suitable options. The textbook is an introduction to algorithms, the second edition, Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest and Stein, which are quite well written in the form of text books. I did not exhaustively look through the list of courses, so I am sure that there are other gems.
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