I ran into very similar problems when moving a database between servers with different sortings. The database encounters the original sort, but since the new server sort (and therefore the tempdb database sort) is different, it causes problems when creating the temp table and tries to join it.
If you say that the database sort is the same as the server sort, then I think you should have several columns that use a different sort. (You can change the sorting column by column).
In any case, I always deal with these problems simply by changing the sorting of the entire database to match the target server after it is restored. To make PITA manually, but fortunately there is a tool .
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